Liquid cleansing composition and method of producing

ABSTRACT

A relatively stable, liquid cleansing composition containing (a) an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid detergent surfactant, (b) an alkaline builder or a builder which is a mineral acid or inorganic salt thereof, (c) a normally liquid organic solvent, and (d) water. The molar ratio of builder material to the detergent surfactant is from 0.01:1 to 3:1, the weight ratio of solvent to detergent surfactant is within the range of 1:1 to 5:1 and water may be present in the composition in amounts from about 4 to 80 weight percent.

[ June 3, 1975 LIQUID CLEANSING COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING [76]Inventor: George B. Ulvild, 1210 Dona Dr.,

Corpus Christi, Tex. 78407 [22] Filed: Mar. 15, 1973 [21] Appl. No.:341,383

[52] US. Cl. 252/526; 134/2; 134/40; 252/525; 252/527; 252/529; 252/139;

252/158; 252/558; 252/559; 252/DIG. 14

[51] Int. Cl. ..C11d 3/065; Clld 3/08 C1ld/3/10 [58] Field of Search134/40; 252/526, 527, 529, 252/539, 139, 143, 144, 156, 545, 546, 548,252/158, 159,558,559, 525, DIG. 14

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,538,006 11/1970 Benson eta1. 252/529 X 3,645,906 2/1972 Valenta et a1. 252/DIG. 14 3,723,3303/1973 Sheflin 134/40 X 3,730,904 5/1973 Clementson et a1. 134/40 XPrimary ExaminerLeland A. Sebastian Attorney, Agent, or FirmStewart N.Rice [57] ABSTRACT A relatively stable, liquid cleansing compositioncontaining (a) an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid detergent surfactant, (b)an alkaline builder or a builder which is a mineral acid or inorganicsalt thereof, (c) a normally liquid organic solvent, and (d) water. Themolar ratio of builder material to the detergent surfactant is from0.01:1 to 3:1, the weight ratio of solvent to detergent surfactant iswithin the range of 1:1 to 5:1 and water may be present in thecomposition in amounts from about 4 to 80 weight percent.

22 Claims, N0 Drawings BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present inventionrelates to a new and useful liquid cleansing composition, and to amethod for producing such composition.

Three component liquid systems consisting of organic solvent, certainalkylbenzene sulfonic acid detergent surfactants and varying amounts ofwater offer possibilities for a wide range of effective cleansingproducts. However use of such three component liquid systems hasheretofore been limited because of typically undesirable storagecharacteristics and/or undesirable viscosity characteristics. Forexample such systems frequently form undesirable gels or suffer fromliquid phase separation problems or have hard to manage high viscositycharacteristics at temperatures below about 60F. In addition to otherstorage problems, such three component liquid systems are quitecorrosive to some metals and adversely affect the condition of mildsteel or tinplate steel normally used in the industry for storagevessels. This is due somewhat to the acid nature of the detergentsurfactants.

It is thus the object of the present invention to provide a new anduseful liquid cleansing composition containing certain alkylbenzenesulfonic acid type detergents, water and an organic solvent which hasdesirable storage characteristics. It is another object of the presentinvention to provide such a cleansing composition which is lesscorrosive than those known in the prior art. It is a further object ofthe present invention to provide a cleansing composition containing suchingredients which have improved cleansing properties. It is anotherobject of the present invention to provide a method for producing such acleansing composition. Additional objects will become apparent from thefollowing description of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These and other objects are accomplished by thepresent invention which in one of its aspects is a cleansing compositioncomprising (a) an anionic detergent surfactant which is an alkylaminesalt or an alkylolamine salt of an alkylbenzene sulfonic, acid (b) anormally liquid organic solvent (c) water and (d) a builder materialwhich is an alkaline builder, a mineral acid builder or an inorganic,neutral or acidic, mineral acid salt builder, wherein in saidcomposition the molar ratio of said builder material to said detergentsurfactant is within the range of 0.01:1 to 3:1, wherein the weightratio of said solvent to said detergent surfactant is within the rangeof 1:1 to 5:1, and wherein said water is present in amounts of fromabout 4.0 to 80 weight percent. In another of its aspects the presentinvention is a method of producing the foregoing described cleansingcomposition, which method comprises the sequential steps of (l) firstlymixing together said organic solvent and said detergent surfactant, (2)secondly adding to and blending with the thus formed mixture of solventand detergent surfactant a concentrated solution of said buildermaterial dissolved in a portion of said water and (3) finally'adding toand blending the remaining portion of said water with the mixtureresulting from steps (1 and (2) above.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As can be seen from the foregoingsummary, the present invention resides in the addition of a buildermaterial in specific amounts to the three component systems of the priorart. That an alkaline builder material or mineral acid (or salt thereof)builder can be successfully incorporated into a balanced one phaseliquid system of water, organic solvent, and alkylbenzene sulfonic acidtype detergent is indeed surprising since addition of electrolytesgenerally effects phase separation in such liquid systems.

The detergent surfactants that may be used in the present invention arethose alkylamine or alkylolamine salts of alkylbenzene sulfonic acids.These anionic detergent surfactants are well known in the industry. Forbest results the alkyl portion of the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid or saltcontains at least 3 carbon atoms, for example 8 to 16 carbon atoms,however it is preferred that such alkyl portion contains from 11 to 13carbon atoms with 12 carbon atoms being most preferable. In other wordsthe salts of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid are most preferable asdetergent surfactants for use in the present invention. As between thealkylamine salts and the alkylolamine salts the alkylamine salts arepreferred, with the monalkylamine salts being most preferable. Bymonoalkylamine is meant those primary amines having a single alkyl groupsuch as methyl amine, ethyl amine, isopropyl amine, n-propyl amine,n-butyl amine, isobutyl amine, and n-hexyl amine. The salts ofmonoalkylamines of l to 6 carbon atoms are preferred. The most preferredsalt of an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid for use as the detergentsurfactant in the present invention is the monoisopropyl amine salt.Alkylolamine salts include those salts of amines having at least onehydroxyalkyl group. Of the alkylolamine salts those of monoalkylolaimesare most preferable, the term monoalkylolamine being used to refer to aprimary amine having a single hydroxyalkyl, (sometimes referred to asalkylol or alkanol) group substituent. Specific alkylolamines includemonoethanol amine, diethanolamine and monoisopropanolamine. The salts ofalkylolamines containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred.

The normally liquid organic solvents useful in the present inventioninclude both polar and non-polar solvents although the non-polarhydrocarbon solvents are preferred. By the term normally liquid is meantliquid at 65F and atmospheric pressure. Of the polar solvents the mostuseful are those free of halogen atoms, especially those halogen-freepolar solvents selected I from the group consisting of glycol ethers andcyclic ketones. The preferred gylcol ethers, are thos of 2-12 carbonatoms of the formula R,O-ROH wherein R is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groupand where R is an alkylene group, such as 2 -methoxy ethanol. diethyleneglycol, 2-butoxy ethanol, and S-ethoxy-l-pentanol. The cyclic ketonesmay be either carbocyclic or heterocyclic such as N-methyl-Z-pyrrolidoneand cyclohexanone. The non-polar hydrocarbon solvents useful in thepresent invention are preferably those normally liquid, substantiallyaliphatic hydrocarbon solvents having boiling ranges within the range of250 to 800F, preferably in the range of 300 to 550F although thearomatic hydrocarbons may also be used. The most readily available arethose derived from petroleum fractions such as kerosene, naphtha,mineral spirits, (Stoddard solvent), no. 2 diesel fuel and the like.Kerosene and no. 2 diesel fuel are generally the preferred solvents ascompositions containing such do the least harm to painted surfaces. Whenthe storage characteristics of a cleansing composition prepared using apetroleumderived non-polar solvent are of concern, it has beenunexpectedly discovered that the neutralization number of the non-polarsolvent is quite material. As is well known in crude petroleums thereare a great many organiccompounds present in very small amounts whichcan be neutralized with strong alkalis such as sodium hydroxide orpotassium hydroxide and these are sometimes called saponifiablematerials. A great many of these saponifiable materials are naphthenicacids consisting primarily of mono or dicyclic monocarboxylic acids suchas methylcyclohexane monocarboxylic acid. Although not all of thesaponifiable materials, and not even all of the naphthenic acids, havebeen identified several of them can and usually do distill over inrefined petroleum cuts boiling from 250 to 850F. particularly kerosene.Due to modern refining methods many types of the saponifiable materialsare eliminated by other than distillation however the naphthenic acidsusually remain in the final products in amounts of from to 200 ppm.depending on the source of crude, refining method, etc. The mostconvenient method for measuring the presence of naphthenic acids andother saponifiables is as a neutralization equivalent againstpotassiumhydroxide such as by ASTM-D974-64 test method. This lattermethod gives a neutralization number which is actually the milligrams ofpotassium hydroxide required to neutralize the saponifiables in one gramof non-polar solvent. As pointed out above the neutralization number ofa petroleum-derived nonpolar solvent is quite material in that it hasbeen discovered that the neutralization number should be above 0.01 butnot exceeding 0.04 when the water content of the cleansing compositionis above 65% while the neutralization number should be 0.01 or belowwhen the water content of the cleansing composition is 65% or below. Forexample if a cleansing composition containing 30% of water were preparedwith a kerosene sol-' vent having a neutralization number of 0.015 thenthe cleansing composition would most likely separate into two phasesafter only a short period of time, while if a kerosene with aneutralization number of 0.008 had been used the cleansing compositionwould have re mained homogenous for a long period of timeeven in excessof 1 year in many cases. Conversely if one were to prepare a cleansingcomposition containing 75% water with a kerosene solvent having aneutralization number of 0.008 then such would most likely separate intotwo phases after about 3 hours. while ifa kerosene of 0.015neutralization number had been used then the cleansing composition wouldhave remained stable for a much longer period of time.

The builders useful in the present invention may vary widely and arewell known in the industry with the alkaline builders being preferred.Both inorganic builders as well as the organic chelating agent buildersmay be utilized. Included among the types of alkaline builders which maybe utilized in the present invention are those I selected from the groupconsisting of the invention are those selected from the group consistingof the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium phosphates, silicates,carbonates or borates, ammonium hydroxide, the alkali metal hydroxides.the alkaline salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, the alkaline salts of theunsubstituted or hydroxysubstituted carboxylic acids. the alkylolamines,and the alkylenepolyamines having one or more of the amino hydrogensthereof substituted with hydroxyalkyl group's and/or carboxyalkyl groupsor the alkali salts thereof and/or with carboxyl groups or the saltsthereof. Mixtures of the foregoing may also be used. By the term alkalimetal as used herein and in the claims is meant lithium, sodium,potassium, rubidium and cesium.

The inorganic alkali metal or ammonium phosphates that may be usedinclude the orthophosphates as well as the condensed or complexphosphates. Specific orthophoshates include monosodium phosphate,monoammoniumphosphates, disodium phosphate, and trisodium phosphate.Condensed or complex phosphates that may be used are tetrasodiumpyrophosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, disodium acidpyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tetraphosphate, andpentasodium tripolyphosphate.

, The inorganic alkali metal or ammonium silicate builders that may beused include sodium metasilicate, sodium silicate, potassium silicate,sodium sequisilicate, and sodium o rthosilicate.

Inorganic alkali metal or ammonium borate builders useful in the presentinvention include sodium metaborate, sodium tetrab orate (including theanhydrous, penta'hydrate and the decahydrate), potssium tetraborate,potassium pentaborate, and sodium perborate.

Useful inorganic alkali metal or ammonium corbonate builders includeanhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and sodiumbicarbonate. The useful alkali metal hydroxides include sodiumhydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide with sodiumhydroxide the most preferable among the hydroxides.

The builders comprising alkaline salts of nitrilotriacetic acidincludethe sodium salt of nitriloacetic acid as well as the potassium saltthereof. The unsubstituted and hydroxyl substituted carboxylic acids,the salts of which may be used, include glycolic acid, citric acid,formic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid,succinic acid, diglycolic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid andgluconic acid. For example, sodium gluconate and disodium oxydiacetateare specific utilizable salts.-

Alky lolamines useful in the present invention include primary,secondary and tertiary amines wherein at least one amino-hydrogen issubstituted with an hydroxyalkylgroup. These are generally of theformula NR,R R wherein R is a hydroxy alkyl group and R and R may beeither hydrogemalkyl, or hydroxylkyl. Most preferably the alkylolami nesused have from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific alkylolamines includesmonoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine,triisopropanolamine, morpholine, 2- amin0-2-methyl l-propanol,diethyl-aminoethanol, and diglycolamine. Also useful are the alkalinebuilders which are alkylenepolyamines having one or more of the aminohydrogens substituted with an hydroxy alkyl group and/or a c'arboxyalkylgroup or alkali metal salt avoid flocculation, gellingor'lumpingJNamely, it is preferred to form the cleansing compositions byfirst blending together in asuitable blending vessel allof the solventandall of the detergent surfactant 'to'be used.

Either the solvent can be added to the detergent surfactant orvice-versa; or the solvent and surfactant may be added simultaneously.Next in .the. sequence of steps is the addition to thesolvent-surfactant mixture of'a concentrated aqueous solution of thebuilder material. Such concentrated aqueous solution is formed bydissolving all of the builder material to be utilized in a minimumamount of the water which islto. be present in the finished cleansingcomposition. Most preferably the amount of water utilized in forming theconcentrated aqueous builder solution'is only that amount required tocompletely dissolve the builder at .the temperatures involved, howeversatisfactory results are obtained with concentrated aqueous solutionswherein the water is present in amount offrom 1.0 to 2.0. times theamount required forcomplete dissolution at the temperatures involved. Inthis respect, the tempera tures to be maintained in all phases of theblending of components so as to form the cleansing composition should beat least 45F and generally not above 135F, although preferably thetemperatures are within the range of 65F to 120F.

After blending the concentratedaqueoussolution of builder material .withthe mixtureof solventand detergent surfactant, the final step, involves.the mereaddition and blending of the remaining portion of water to beused in the cleansing composition which was not used in forming theconcentrated aqueous solution of builder material. Undesirable resultsoccur when the foregoing mixing sequence is not followed. For example ifwater alone is added to the mixture of synthetic detergent and solventwithout the builderpr'esent, considerable gelling or thickening isencountered soon afterintroduction of the water-beginswhich requires agreat amount of agitation over undesirably long length of time to thinout. lf all the water and solvent are first mixed and the detergentsurfactant then added, a

thick, v unmanageable suspension results, A; similar thick, unmanageablesuspension also results if all the builder material dissolvedin all thewater is first placed in the blending tank and then either the solventor the synthetic detergent, or a mixture of the latter, is then, added.Further, suitable results are not obtained by first mixing the detergentsurfactant and the builder (regardless of whether the builder is a solidor a liquid) since these two usually will not uniformly mix, and furtheraddition of the solventand/or thewater results in flocculation, gellingor lumping. It has also been unexpectedly found that where alkalimetalor ammonium carbonates are to be utilized as builders, thenthe-preferred blending procedure gives products with longer storagestability. The foregoing preferred blending procedure is especiallyapplicable when using non-polar solvents as they present the mostproblems of gel formation although it is also preferred for polarsolvents as well. a

The best use for the cleansing compositions of the present invention isin application where they are used to loosen soil, dirt and grease fromhard surfaces and then washaway with water. The cleansing composifactorsthan water concentration are to be considered in selecting a cleansingcompositionfor a particular job since the choice of a builder andsolvent also affects cleansing characteristics. The light duty generalmaintenance cleaners can be used to remove thin films of grease, pigmentstains, general dirt, waxes, and/or metallic oxides. The medium dutydegreasers are generally used to remove grease deposits which range upto about 0.10 inches in thickness with the heavy duty degreasers beingused for thicker deposits which are usually harder crusted.

In preparing a cleansing composition of the present invention, the molarratio of builder material to detergent surfactant must be maintainedwithin critical ranges. Generally such molar ratio will be within therange of 0.01:1 to 3:1 however the preferred ratio for any particularcleansing composition will vary according to the nature of the solvent,surfactant and builder being used. When a non-polar solvent and analkaline builder are being used the molar ratio of builder to surfactantis preferably 0.01:1 to 1:1, especially 0.04:1 to

' the molar'ra'tio of builder to surfactant is preferably within therange of 0.01:1 to 1:1, especially 0.04:1 to 0.70:1. When utilizing'apolarsolvent and an alkaline builder such molar ratio is preferablywithin the range of 0.01:1 to 1.5:1, especially 0.04:1 to 0.90:1. Whenutilizing a polar solvent and a mineral acid or a neutral or acidic saltbuilder, the molar ratio of builder to surfactant is preferably withinthe range of 0.01:1 to 3.0: l especially 0.04:1 to 2.7:1.

The following examples serve to illustrate but not to limit the presentinventon. All ratios, parts and percentages are by weight unlessotherwise specified.

Several cleansing compositions were prepared in accordance with thepresentinvention and the composition of each is hereafter set forth. Thewater utilized in each cleansing composition was soft water containingless than one grain hardness per gallon, and the detergent surfactantutilized in each composition was the monoisopropylamine salt ofdodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.

COMPOSITION A An excellent medium duty cleaner composition found to 'beuseful in cleansing is as follows:

Soft water 62.57: Detergent surfactant 9.0 Kerosene. neut. no. 0.00927.0 1.5

Potassium tetraborateAH o solving 150 pounds of such in about 1000pounds of water and then such concentrated solution slowly added to themixing tank with stirring. As the final step, 5,250 pounds of water wasadded fairly fast with stirring. The temperature in all the mixing stepswas maintained at about 77F. This composition could be stored in mildsteel containers.

COM POSITION B An excellent heavy duty cleansing composition wasprepared utilizing the following ingredients:

Soft water 25.007: Deter ent surfactant 18.00 Triso ium phosphate.12H ,O3.00 Kerosene. neut. no. 0.009 54.00

This composition is suitable for storage in mild steel. The molar ratioof builder to surfactant is 0.168:l.

COMPOSITION C Another excellent heavy-duty cleansing composition wasprepared from the following ingredients:

Soft water 16.3171

Detergent surfactant 20.60

Sodium metasilicate.5H- ,O 1.29 61.80

Kerosene. neut. no. 0.009

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.113:1. This compositionmay be stored in mild steel.

COMPOSITION D A medium duty cleansing composition was preapred from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 50.50% Detergent surfactant 12.10 Sodium carbonate 1.10Kerosene. neut. no. 0.009 36.30

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.32911. This compositionmay be stored in mild steel.

COMPOSITION E A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 75.00% Detergent surfactant 6.00 NTA. trisodium saIt.H- ,O1.00

Kerosene. neut. no. 0015 The molar ratio of-builder to surfactant was0.23351. NTA is the abbreviation for nitrilotriacetic acid. Thiscomposition may be stored in mild steel. In the above composition thetrilithium salt or a mixed alkali metal saltof NTA could be used.

COMPOSITION F A heavy duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients: 1

Soft water 5.107! Detergent surfactant 23.40 Sodium hydroxide 1.30Kerosene, neut. no. 0.009 70.20

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.533z1. Thiscomposition'may be stored in mild steel.

COMPOSITION G A heavy duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 10.3371 Detergent surfactant 21.96 Ammonium hydroxide 1.83

Kerosene. neut. no. 0.009 65.88

The molar ratio of builder tosurfactant was 0.912:1. The compositioncould be stored in mild steel.

COMPOSITION H A heavy duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 41.787:

Detergent surfactant 14.20

Sodium gluconate 1.42 42.60

Kerosene. neut. no. 0.009

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.l76:l.

Storage of this composition in other than a mild-steel container isrecommended.

COMPOSITION I A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 70.33% Detergent surfactant 7.30 Sodium acetate.3H O 0.47Kerosene. neut. no. 0.015 21.90

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.18211.

Storage of this composition in other than a mild steel container isrecommended.

COMPOSITION J A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredient:

Soft water 75.107: Detergent surfactant 6.10 Dilithium oxydiacetate 0.50Kerosene. neut. no. 0.009 18.30

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.21521. Storage of thiscomposition in mild steel is not recommended.

COMPOSITION K A medium duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 48.157: Detergent surfactant 7, 12.75 Disodium oxydiacetate0.85 Kerosene. neut. no. 0.015 38.25

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.144zl. Storage of thiscomposition in mildsteel is not recommended.

COMPOSITION L A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients;-

Soft water 71.94% Detergent surfactant 6.90 Triethanol amine 0.46Kerosene. neut. no. 0.015

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.171:1. This compositionmay be stored in mild steel containers.

. COMPOSITION M A light duty cleansing-composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 75.0671 Detergent surfactant 6.02 Ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid,

tetrasodium salt 0.86 Kerosene, neut. no. 0015 18.06

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.144z1. Storage of thiscomposition may be in mild steel containers.

COMPOSITI N N A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 66.88% Detergent surfactant 8.16 Disodium succinate.6H O 0.48Kerosene, neut. no. 0.015 24.48

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.0836: 1. Storage of thiscomposition in mild steel is not recommended.

COMPO SITION .O

A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from the followingingredients:

Soft water 75.00% Detergent surfactant 6.00

Sulfuric acid huilder 1.00 Kerosene. neut. no. 0.015 18.00

Storage of this composition in mildsteel is not recommended.

The molar ratioofbuilder to surfactant was 0.652:l.

COMPOSITION P A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 74.0071

Detergent surfactant 6.00

NTA. trisodium salt.H O 2.00 18.00

A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from the followingingredients:

Soft water 74.22% Detergent surfactant 5.95 NTA, trisodium salt.H O 1.98N-methyl-Z-pyrrolidone 17.85

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.464;]. This compositionmay be stored in mild steel.

COMPOSITION R A heavy duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 30.27'71 Detergent surfactant 16.87 Trisodium phosphate.l2H.iO 2.25 F flash naphtha. neut.

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.13521. The flash naphthawas predominately aliphatic. Storage of this composition may be in mildsteel.

COMPOSITION S A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 72.4671 Detergent surfactant 6.80 NTA, trisodium salt.H- ,O-0.34 Mineral spirits, neut. no. 0012 20.40

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.0697: 1. The mineralspirits utilized were petroleum refined. substantially aliphatichydrocarbons. Storage of this composition may be in mild steel.

COMPOSITION T I A heavy duty cleansing composition was preapred from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 8.6071 Detergent surfactant 24.23 Triethanolamine 260 Heavyaromatic naphtha, neut. no.

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.27621. This compositionmay be storedin mild steel containers.

COMPOSITION U A heavy duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 35.42% Detergent surfactant 15.80 Trisodium salt ofN,N.N'-tris betahydroxypropyl-N- l .2,3 tricarboxyisopropyl-ethylenediamine 1.38 Kerosene, neut. no. 0.009 47.40

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.0706:1. Thiscompositionhas excellent rinseability characteristics. Storage in mildsteel is however not recommended.

COMPOSITION V A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 75.00% Detergent surfactant 6.00 Sodium citrate.2H O 1.00Kerosene, neut. no. 0.015 18.00

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.21711. Storage of thiscomposition in mild steel is not recommended.

COMPOSITION W A light duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 74.9271

Detergent Surfactant 6.08 Sodium sulfate 0.76 Kerosene, neut. no. 0.01518.24

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.33811. Storage of thiscomposition in mold steel is not recommended.

COMPOSITION X A heavy duty cleansing composition was prepared from thefollowing ingredients:

Soft water 37.15% Detergent surfactant 15.60 Magnesium sulfate.7H O 0.45Kerosene. neut. no. 0.009 46.80

The molar ratio of builder to surfactant was 0.0449: 1. Storage of thiscomposition in mild steel is not recom mended.

In order to illustrate the cleansing properties of the compositions ofthe present invention several runs were made in each of which a flattest panel coated with white enamel paint was placed in a horizontalposition in a basin and then a test grease evenly applied to the uppersurface of the test panel. Different panels were utilized for each runalthough they were identical to each other. After the test grease wasapplied it was allowed to dry for 24 hours and then an' amount ofcleansing composition was placed in the basin so as to be a uniformdepth over the panels. The soiled test panels were allowed to soak inthe cleansing composition untilit appeared that the grease deposits hadbeen dissolved and fluxed, and the time required for such noted. Thetest panels were then flushed with sufficient constant pressure tapwater (eleven grains hardness per gallon) to emulsify and rinse away thetest grease and cleansing composition as completely as practicable, andthe amount of flush water so required as well as the condition of thetest panel was noted. All tests were carried out inside a building inopen air atabout F, 75% relative humidity and no wind velocity.

EXAMPLE 1 The cleansing characteristics of Composition B above-as wellasa control composition was tested according to the foregoing procedure.The control composition was practically identical to Composition Bexcept that the builder was left out. The test grease utilized was aclean SAE- gear lubricant and such was applied in a thickness of 0.15inch or a total of 20 pounds per panel. Using 26 pounds of cleansingcomposition in each run about 20 minutes was required of bothComposition B and the control composition to flux the test grease,however only 195 pounds of flush water was needed for Composition Bwhile 290 pounds of flush water was required for the control. Also thepressure of the flush water required for the control was 30 p.s.i.g. asopped to 20 p.s.i.g. for Composition B. In both runs it appeared that ofthe test grease had been removed from the panels and that there was nosoil redeposition. In neither run did there appear to be any paintstripping.

EXAMPLE 2 The cleansing characteristics of Composition E above as wellas a control composition was tested according to the foregoingprocedure. The control composition was practically identical toComposition E except that the builder was deleted. The test greaseutilized was about 1 1% SAE-90 gear lubricant, 81% scrapings from insidean automobile engine crankcase and 8% dirty oil removed from anautomobile engine crankcase. The test grease was applied to the panelsand a thickness of 0.03 inch or a total weight of 0.001 pound per panel.Utilizing about 4.5 pounds of cleaner in each run, Composition Erequired about 60 minutes fluxing time while the control required about75 minutes. Composition E required 50 pounds of flush water at 20p.s.i.g. while the control required pounds at 30 p.s.i.g. It appearedthat Composition E removed 100% of the test grease with a no soilredeposition taking place, while the control composition removedslightly less than all of the test grease and some soil redepositionoccurred as several film spots were noted. No paint stripping wasobserved in either run.

EXAMPLE 3 The cleansing characteristics of Composition P above as wellas a control'composition was tested according to the foregoingprocedure. The control composition was practically identical-toComposition P except that the builder was deleted. The test greaseutilized was about 28% SAE-90 gear lubricant, 5% dirty axle grease. 11%printers ink, and 56% clay. The test grease was applied to the panelsand a' thickness of 0.005 inch or a total weight of 0.75 pound perpanel. Utilizing about 10.5 pounds of cleaner in each run,

' Composition-B required only about 45 minutes fluxing time while thecontrol required about 75 minutes. Composition P required 65 pounds offlush water at 15 p.s.i.g. while the control required 95 pounds at' 20p.s.i.g. It appeared that both Composition P and the control removed100% of the testgrease and no soil redeposition was observed in eitherrun. There was some slight blistering of paint in both of the runs.

In order to test the storage stability of various cleansing compositionsand their corrosion of mild steel, several cleansing compositions wereplaced in a DOT- l7E-20/18 guage mild steel drums and the drumsstoppered. The cleansing compositions were stored in the drums for 1year with thetemperature varying between about 60F and 90F during thattime. The cleansing compositions were frequently observed duringtheyear. It was observed that cleansing Composition B was very slightlyturbid after 1 year but otherwise clean and useable. The drum lining wasessentially uncorroded there being only about two or three tiny rustspots along one of the seams. On the contrarythe control compositionanalogous to Composition B (see Example 1 above) was moderately turbidafter two months storage with some evidence of very fine rust particlesin suspension. At 3.5 months the control composition was very turbid andrusty appearing and the drum lining was extensively etched and pittedwith several large flakes of rusted steel on the bottom of the drum. Atthe end of 1 year the control composition analogous to Composition B hadcorroded four pin-hole leaks in the drum where the bottom joined thesides.

The storage and corrosion characteristics of Composition E and itsun-built control were also observed for 1 year with results very similarto that of Composition B and its un-built control. That is Composition Ewas stable at the end of one year with very little corrosion observedwhile the un-built control analogous to Composition E showed strongcorrosion after 3 months. Furthermore the un-built control analogous toComposition E separated into two ligquid phases after about 4 months. 7

In order to illustrate the materiality of the neutralization number ofnon-polar solvent utilized in forming a cleansing composition, twocleansing compositions were prepared containing75.007r soft water, 6.10%of the monoisopropylamine salt of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, 0.60%monoammonium phosphate, and 18.30% kerosene. However in one of thecompositions the kerosene had a neutralization number of 0.009 while inthe other the kerosene had a neutralization number of 0.013. Thecleansing composition utilizing the kerosene having a neutralizationnumber of 0.009 separated into two liquid phases after about 3 hourstime at 60F to 90F while the composition utilizing the kerosene with theneutralization number of 0.013 remained homogeneous for at least oneyear at 60F to 105F. Similar tests have shown that where the water ispresent in'the cleansing composition in amounts of less than 65% thatthe neutralization number of the kerosene should be 0.01 or below inorder to prevent phase separation. It is pointed out that the amount ofsaponifiable materials in a non-polar solvent has an effect both whenusing acidic builders, neutral builders and alkaline builders however byfar the greatest advantage is obtained when alkaline builders are beingutilized.

The compositions herein described find their main use as cleansingcompositions, but are also useful as oil spill dispersents to be pouredupon oil slicks on water. They are also suitable wetting agents whichmay be added to strong acid or alkali solutions used in descaling orderusting operations as well as in oil and gas well operations todissolve formations or loosen sludge.

What is claimed is:

l. A one phase cleansing composition comprising (a) an anionic detergentsurfactant which is an alkylamine salt or an alkylolamine salt of analkylbenzene sulfonic acid, (b) a normally liquid organic solvent, (c)water and (d) an alkaline builder material or a builder material whichis a mineral acid or a neutral or acidic inorganic salt thereof, whereinin said composition the molar ratio of said builder material to saiddetergent surfactant is within the range of 0.01:1 to 3:1, wherein theweight ratio of said solvent to said detergent surfactant is within therange of 1:1 to 5:1, wherein said water is present in amounts of fromabout 4.0 to weight per cent, and wherein the alkyl portion of saidalkylbenzene sulfonic acid contains substantially from 1 1 to 13 carbonatoms.

2. The cleansing composition of claim 1 wherein said builder material isan alkaline builder material, wherein said solvent is a non-polarnormally liquid hydrocarbon solvent, and wherein the ratio of saidalkaline builder material to said detergent surfactant is within therange .of0.01:1 to 1:1.

3. The cleansing composition of claim 2 wherein said detergentsurfactant is a salt of a monoalkylamine containing l to 6 carbon atoms.

4. The cleansing composition of claim 2 wherein said solvent is apetroleum derived, substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having aboiling range of about 300F to 550F and having a neutralization numberof 0.01 or below, and wherein said water is present in amounts of 65weight per cent or below.

5. The cleansing composition of claim 4 wherein said alkaline buildermaterial is selected from the group consisting of (i) the inorganicalkali metal or ammonium phosphates, (ii) the inorganic alkali metal orammonium silicates, (iii) the inorganic alkali metal or ammoniumcarbonates, (iv) the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium borates, (v)ammonium hydroxide, (vi) the alkali metal hydroxides, (vii) the alkalinesalts of nitrilotriacetic acid, (viii) the alkaline salts of theunsubstituted or hydroxy substituted carboxylic acids, (ix) thealkylolamines, (x) the alkylenepolyamines having the one or more of thehydrogens thereof substituted with hydroxyalkyl groups and/or withcarboxylsubstituted alkyl groups or the alkali salts thereof and- /orwith carboxyl groups or the alkali salts thereof, and (xi) mixturesthereof.

6. The cleansing composition of claim 5 wherein the molar ratio of saidbuilder material to said detergent surfactant is within the range of0.04:1 to 0.55:1.

7. The cleansing compositions of claim 2 wherein said solvent is apetroleum derived, substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent havingaboiling range of about 300F to 550F and having a neutralization number.above 0.01 and below 0.04, and wherein said water is present in amountsabove 65 weight per cent.

8. The cleansing composition of claim 7 wherein said alkaline buildermaterial is selected from the group consisting of (i) the inorganicalkali metal or ammonium phosphates, (ii) the inorganic alkali metal orammonium silicates, (iii) the inorganic alkali metal or ammoniumcarbonates, (iv) the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium borates, (v)ammonium hydroxide, (vi) the alkali metal hydroxides, (vii) the alkalinesalts of nitrilotriacetic acid, (viii) the alkaline salts of theunsubstituted or hydroxy substituted carboxylic acids, (ix) thealkylolamines, (x) the alkylenepolyamines having the one or more of thehydrogens thereof substituted with hydroxyalkyl groups and/or withcarboxylsubstituted alkyl groups or the alkali salts thereof and- /orwith carboxyl groups or the alkali salts thereof, and (xi) mixturesthereof.

9. The cleansing composition of claim 8 wherein the molar ratio of saidbuilder material to said detergent surfactant is within the range of0.04:1 to 0.55:1.

10. The cleansing composition of claim 6 wherein said detergentsurfactant is a salt of a monoalkylamine containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

11. The cleansing composition of claim 9 wherein said detergentsurfactant is a salt of monoalkylamine containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

12. The cleansing composition of claim 1 wherein said builder materialis an alkaline builder material selected from the group consisting of(i) the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium phosphates, (ii) theinorganic alkali metal or ammonium silicates, (iii) the inorganic alkalimetal or ammonium carbonates, (iv) the inorganic alkali metal orammonium borates, (v) ammonium hydroxide, (vi) the alkali metalhydroxides, (vii) the alkaline salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, (viii)the alkaline salts of the unsubstituted or hydroxy substitutedcarboxylic acids, (ix) the alkylolamines, (x) the alkylenepolyamineshaving the one or more of the hydrogens thereof substituted withhydroxyalkyl groups and- /or with carboxyl-substituted alkyl groups orthe alkali salts thereof and/or with carboxyl groups or the alkali saltsthereof, and (xi) mixtures thereof.

13. The cleansing composition of claim 12 wherein said solvent is apolar solvent, and wherein the ratio of said alkaline builder materialto said detergent surfactant is within the range of 0.01:1 to 1.5:1.

14. The cleansing composition of claim 13 wherein said polar solvent isfree of halogen atoms and is selected from the group consisting ofglycol ethers and cyclic ketones.

15. The cleansing compositon of claim 1 wherein said builder is abuilder material which is a mineral acid or a neutral or acidicinorganic salt thereof.

16. The cleansing composition of claim 15 wherein said solvent is anon-polar, petroleum derived, substantially aliphatic hydrocarbonsolvent having a boiling range of about 250F to 800F and having aneutralization number of 0.01 or below, wherein said water is present inamounts of 65 weight per cent or below, and

16 wherein the molar ratio of said builder to detergent surfactant iswithin the range of 0.04:1 to 0.70:1.

17. The cleansing composition of claim 15 wherein said solvent is anon-polar petroleum derived, substan tially aliphatic hydrocarbonsolvent having a boiling range of about 250F to 800F and having aneutralization number of within the range of above 0.01 and below 0.04,wherein said water is present in amounts of above 65 weight per cent,and wherein the molar ratio of said builder to said detergent surfactantis within the range of 0.04:1 to 0.70:].

18. The cleansing composition of claim 15 wherein said solvent is apolar solvent and wherein the molar ratio of said builder to saiddetergent surfactant is within the range of 0.04:1 to 2.7:1.

19. The cleansing compositon of claim 18 wherein said polar solvent isfree of halogen atoms and is selected from the group consisting ofglycol ethers and cyclic ketones, and wherein said detergent surfactantis a salt ofa monoalkylamine having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

20. The cleansing composition of claim 18 wherein said builder is amineral acid builder.

21. A method of producing a one phase cleansing composition containing(a) an anionic detergent surfactant which is an alkylamine salt or analkylolamine salt of an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, (b) a normallyliquid organic solvent, (c) water and (d) an alkaline builder materialor a builder material which is a mineral acid or a neutral or acidicinorganic salt thereof, wherein in said composition the molar ratio ofsaid builder material to said detergent surfactant is within the rangeof 0.01:1 to 3:1, wherein the weight ratio of said solvent to saiddetergent surfactant is within the range of 1:1 to 5:1, wherein saidwater is present in amounts of from about 4.0 to weight per cent, andwherein the alkyl portion of said alkylbenzene sulfonic acid containssubstantially from 1 1 to 13 carbon atoms, which method comprises thesequential steps of (1) firstly mixing together said organic solvent andsaid detergent surfactant, (2) secondly adding to and blending with thethus formed mixture of solvent and detergent surfactant a concentratedsolution of said builder material dissolved in a portion of said waterand (3) finally adding to and blending the remaining portion of saidwater with the mixture resulting from steps 1) and (2) above.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein said builder material is an alkalinebuilder material and said solvent is a non-polar solvent.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO.3,887,497

DATED June 3 1975 INVENTOR(S) George B, Ulvild It is certified thaterror appears in the above-identified patent and that said LettersPatent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Cover page, in the title, after the word "PRODUCING" add-SAME---; Column1, Line 2, in the title, after the word "PRODUCING" add-SA-iE-;

r Column 2, Line 53, delete "thosf and insert therefor-those-; Column 4,Line 28 delete "potssium" and insert therefor--potassium--; Column 4,Line 30, delete "corbonate" and irr s'ert therefor--carbonate; Column13, Line 37, delete "ligquid" and insert therefor--liquid; and Column14, Line 54, delete "compositions" and insert therefor--composition.

Signed and Sealed this twenty-fifth 3} of May 1 9 76 [SEAL] Arrest:

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Arresting Officer Commissioner nfParemsand Trademarks

1. A ONE PHASE CLEANSING COMPOSITION COMPRISING (A) AN ANIONIC DETERGENTSURFACTNT WHICH ISAN ALKYLAMINE SALT OR AN ALKYLOLAMINE SALT OF ANALKYLBENZENE SULFONIC ACID, (B) A NORMALLY LIQUID ORGANIC SOLVENT, (C)WATER AND (D) AN ALKALINE BUILDER MATERIAL OR ABUILDER MATERIAL WHICH ISA MINERAL ACID OR A NEUTRAL OR ACIDIC INORGANIC SALT THEREOF, WHEREIN INSAID COMPOSITION THE MOLAR RATIO OF SAID BUILDER MATERIAL TO SAIDDETERGENT SURFACTANT ISWITHIN THE RANGE OF 0.01:1 TO 3:1, WHEREIN THEWEIGHT RATIO OF SAID SOLVENT TO SAID DETERFENT SURFACTANT IS WITHINTHERANGE OF 1:1 TO 5:1, WHEREIN SAID WATER IS PRESENT IN AMOUNTS OF FROMABOUT 4.0 TO 80 WEIGHT PER CENT AND WHEREIN THE ALKYL PORTION OF SAIDALKYLBENZENE SULFONIC ACID CONTAINS SUBSTANTIALLY FROM 11 TO 13 CARBONATOMS.
 1. A one phase cleansing composition comprising (a) an anionicdetergent surfactant which is an alkylamine salt or an alkylolamine saltof an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, (b) a normally liquid organic solvent,(c) water and (d) an alkaline builder material or a builder materialwhich is a mineral acid or a neutral or acidic inorganic salt thereof,wherein in said composition the molar ratio of said builder material tosaid detergent surfactant is within the range of 0.01:1 to 3:1, whereinthe weight ratio of said solvent to said detergent surfactant is withinthe range of 1:1 to 5:1, wherein said water is present in amounts offrom about 4.0 to 80 weight per cent, and wherein the alkyl portion ofsaid alkylbenzene sulfonic acid contains substantially from 11 to 13carbon atoms.
 2. The cleansing composition of claim 1 wherein saidbuilder material is an alkaline builder material, wherein said solventis a non-polar normally liquid hydrocarbon solvent, and wherein theratio of said alkaline builder material to said detergent surfactant iswithin the range of 0.01:1 to 1:1.
 3. The cleansing composition of claim2 wherein said detergent surfactant is a salt of a monoalkylaminecontaining 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
 4. The cleansing composition of claim 2wherein said solvent is a petroleum derived, substantially aliphatichydrocarbon solvent having a boiling range of about 300*F to 550*F andhaving a neutralization number of 0.01 or below, and wherein said wateris present in amounts of 65 weight per cent or below.
 5. The cleansingcomposition of claim 4 wherein said alkaline builder material isselected from the group consisting of (i) the inorganic alkali metal orammonium phosphates, (ii) the inorganic alkali metal or ammoniumsilicates, (iii) the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium carbonates, (iv)the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium borates, (v) ammonium hydroxide,(vi) the alkali metal hydroxides, (vii) the alkaline salts ofnitrilotriacetic acid, (viii) the alkaline salts of the unsubstituted orhydroxy substituted carboxylic acids, (ix) the alkylolamines, (x) thealkylenepolyamines having the one or more of the hydrogens thereofsubstituted with hydroxyalkyl groups and/or with carboxyl-substitutedalkyl groups or the alkali salts thereof and/or with carboxyl groups orthe alkali salts thereof, and (xi) mixtures thereof.
 6. The cleansingcomposition of claim 5 wherein the molar ratio of said builder materialto said detergent surfactant is within the range of 0.04:1 to 0.55:1. 7.The cleansing compositions of claim 2 wherein said solvent is apetroleum derived, substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having aboiling range of about 300*F to 550*F and having a neutralization numberabove 0.01 and below 0.04, and wherein said water is present in amountsabove 65 weight per cent.
 8. The cleansing composition of claim 7wherein said alkaline builder material is selected from the groupconsisting of (i) the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium phosphates,(ii) the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium silicates, (iii) theinorganic alkali meTal or ammonium carbonates, (iv) the inorganic alkalimetal or ammonium borates, (v) ammonium hydroxide, (vi) the alkali metalhydroxides, (vii) the alkaline salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, (viii)the alkaline salts of the unsubstituted or hydroxy substitutedcarboxylic acids, (ix) the alkylolamines, (x) the alkylenepolyamineshaving the one or more of the hydrogens thereof substituted withhydroxyalkyl groups and/or with carboxyl-substituted alkyl groups or thealkali salts thereof and/or with carboxyl groups or the alkali saltsthereof, and (xi) mixtures thereof.
 9. The cleansing composition ofclaim 8 wherein the molar ratio of said builder material to saiddetergent surfactant is within the range of 0.04:1 to 0.55:1.
 10. Thecleansing composition of claim 6 wherein said detergent surfactant is asalt of a monoalkylamine containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
 11. Thecleansing composition of claim 9 wherein said detergent surfactant is asalt of monoalkylamine containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
 12. The cleansingcomposition of claim 1 wherein said builder material is an alkalinebuilder material selected from the group consisting of (i) the inorganicalkali metal or ammonium phosphates, (ii) the inorganic alkali metal orammonium silicates, (iii) the inorganic alkali metal or ammoniumcarbonates, (iv) the inorganic alkali metal or ammonium borates, (v)ammonium hydroxide, (vi) the alkali metal hydroxides, (vii) the alkalinesalts of nitrilotriacetic acid, (viii) the alkaline salts of theunsubstituted or hydroxy substituted carboxylic acids, (ix) thealkylolamines, (x) the alkylenepolyamines having the one or more of thehydrogens thereof substituted with hydroxyalkyl groups and/or withcarboxyl-substituted alkyl groups or the alkali salts thereof and/orwith carboxyl groups or the alkali salts thereof, and (xi) mixturesthereof.
 13. The cleansing composition of claim 12 wherein said solventis a polar solvent, and wherein the ratio of said alkaline buildermaterial to said detergent surfactant is within the range of 0.01:1 to1.5:1.
 14. The cleansing composition of claim 13 wherein said polarsolvent is free of halogen atoms and is selected from the groupconsisting of glycol ethers and cyclic ketones.
 15. The cleansingcompositon of claim 1 wherein said builder is a builder material whichis a mineral acid or a neutral or acidic inorganic salt thereof.
 16. Thecleansing composition of claim 15 wherein said solvent is a non-polar,petroleum derived, substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having aboiling range of about 250*F to 800*F and having a neutralization numberof 0.01 or below, wherein said water is present in amounts of 65 weightper cent or below, and wherein the molar ratio of said builder todetergent surfactant is within the range of 0.04:1 to 0.70:1.
 17. Thecleansing composition of claim 15 wherein said solvent is a non-polarpetroleum derived, substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having aboiling range of about 250*F to 800*F and having a neutralization numberof within the range of above 0.01 and below 0.04, wherein said water ispresent in amounts of above 65 weight per cent, and wherein the molarratio of said builder to said detergent surfactant is within the rangeof 0.04:1 to 0.70:1.
 18. The cleansing composition of claim 15 whereinsaid solvent is a polar solvent and wherein the molar ratio of saidbuilder to said detergent surfactant is within the range of 0.04:1 to2.7:1.
 19. The cleansing compositon of claim 18 wherein said polarsolvent is free of halogen atoms and is selected from the groupconsisting of glycol ethers and cyclic ketones, and wherein saiddetergent surfactant is a salt of a monoalkylamine having 1 to 6 carbonatoms.
 20. The cleansing composition of claim 18 wherein said builder isa mineral acid builder.
 21. A method of producinG a one phase cleansingcomposition containing (a) an anionic detergent surfactant which is analkylamine salt or an alkylolamine salt of an alkylbenzene sulfonicacid, (b) a normally liquid organic solvent, (c) water and (d) analkaline builder material or a builder material which is a mineral acidor a neutral or acidic inorganic salt thereof, wherein in saidcomposition the molar ratio of said builder material to said detergentsurfactant is within the range of 0.01:1 to 3:1, wherein the weightratio of said solvent to said detergent surfactant is within the rangeof 1:1 to 5:1, wherein said water is present in amounts of from about4.0 to 80 weight per cent, and wherein the alkyl portion of saidalkylbenzene sulfonic acid contains substantially from 11 to 13 carbonatoms, which method comprises the sequential steps of (1) firstly mixingtogether said organic solvent and said detergent surfactant, (2)secondly adding to and blending with the thus formed mixture of solventand detergent surfactant a concentrated solution of said buildermaterial dissolved in a portion of said water and (3) finally adding toand blending the remaining portion of said water with the mixtureresulting from steps (1) and (2) above.